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**False-color composite (color-infrared).** Shows colors that don't correspond to real-world colors — specifically, assigns the **near-IR** band to the **red** display gun so that healthy vegetation (high NIR) glows bright red. - **Classic CIR recipe on Landsat TM:** R = **Band 4 (NIR)**, G = **Band 3 (Red)**, B = **Band 2 (Green)**. - Makes vegetation, water, urban fabric much easier to discriminate than in true color. - **Uses:** crop stress, burn scars, wetland delineation, timber mapping. - **On Landsat 8/9 (OLI):** the equivalent CIR is R = **B5**, G = **B4**, B = **B3**.

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