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**Vegetation reflectance curve** — the defining feature of healthy vegetation is **low red reflectance** (chlorophyll absorbs red for photosynthesis) and **high NIR reflectance** (scattered by the spongy mesophyll leaf structure). | Cover | NIR | Red | NIR/Red | |---|---|---|---| | Water | Low | Low | ~0.1 | | Dry bare soil | High | High | ~1 | | Healthy vegetation | Very high | Low | Very high | - That ratio contrast is *why* VIs like SR and NDVI work.

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