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Covariance between two bands — formula?
Plain English (default view) — short, conversational, lightly seasoned with science
🔬 Scientific / formula (revealed on click) — markdown + $$…$$ ok
$$ C_{QR} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{k}(Q_i - \bar Q)(R_i - \bar R)}{k - 1} $$ Measures how Band Q and Band R vary *together* around their means. The full **covariance matrix** is what Max Likelihood and Mahalanobis use.
💡 Mnemonic / memory aid (shown on hover)
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