Bands where the atmosphere lets EM radiation through to the sensor:

• 🟦🟩🟥 Visible (0.4 – 0.7 µm)
• 🟪 Near-infrared (0.7 – 1.3 µm)
• 🟫 Middle / shortwave IR (1.3 – 3.0 µm, with gaps)
• 🔥 Thermal IR
  • 3.0 – 5.0 µm (smaller window)
  • 8 – 14 µm (big thermal window — Landsat TIRS lives here)
• 📡 Microwave (1 mm – 1 m) — radar; essentially all-weather

⚠️ Blocked regions are dominated by H₂O and CO₂ absorption.