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**Multispectral scanning geometries — the two big families.** - **Across-track ("whiskbroom")** — discrete detectors + a scanning mirror sweep perpendicular to flight. Examples: Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+. - **Along-track ("pushbroom")** — a linear array of detectors builds the image as the platform moves forward. Examples: SPOT HRV/HRVIR, IRS LISS, IKONOS, QuickBird, Landsat 8/9 OLI. Sensors span roughly **0.4–14 µm** (visible through thermal-IR).

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