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**Wave equation.** `λ = c / ν` (equivalently `c = λν`) - **λ (lambda)** — wavelength (peak-to-peak distance), typical units **µm** (1 µm = 10⁻⁶ m). - **c** — speed of light, **3 × 10⁸ m/s**. - **ν (nu)** — frequency, **Hz** (cycles per second). - **Key takeaway:** wavelength and frequency are inversely related. Long wavelength ↔ low frequency ↔ low energy (see slide 9).

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