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A **vegetation index (VI)** is a synthetic band created by mathematically combining two or more bands of a multispectral image — typically NIR and red. VIs emphasize the spectral contrast between healthy vegetation (high NIR, low red) and everything else. - **Used to predict:** biomass, LAI, % green cover, chlorophyll content, productivity. - **Key idea on the exam:** a VI is *derived*, not measured directly.

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