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**Essay — Advantages and disadvantages of moderate-resolution sensors (10 – 250 m).** Examples: **Landsat OLI (30 m)**, **Sentinel-2 MSI (10 – 60 m)**, **MODIS (250 – 1000 m)**. **Advantages** - **Large swath** (Landsat ~185 km, Sentinel-2 290 km) — regional/global coverage. - **Frequent revisit** combined across constellations (Landsat + Sentinel-2 ≈ every 2–3 days). - **Long archives** (Landsat → 1972) for time-series and change detection. - **Free data** (USGS, ESA Copernicus). - **Multispectral breadth** — enough bands for NDVI, EVI, NBR, water indices. **Disadvantages** - **Can't resolve individual objects** — buildings, small fields, trees. - **Mixed pixels** at class boundaries hurt classification accuracy. - **Cloud contamination** — 16-day repeat means many scenes are unusable. - **Thermal resolution** is coarser still (Landsat TIRS 100 m → resampled to 30 m).

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