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**IKONOS** was the **first commercial sub-meter** Earth-observation satellite (Space Imaging, launched Sept 1999; retired 2015). - **Altitude:** ~681 km, sun-synchronous. - **Bands:** 4 multispectral (Blue, Green, Red, NIR) at **4 m** + **1 m panchromatic** (B/G/R/NIR pan-sharpened to ~1 m). - **Swath:** ~11–13 km; revisit ~1–3 days. - **Use:** urban mapping, precision agriculture, disaster response, defense.

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