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**ISODATA — three parameters the user must set.** - **N — max number of clusters.** Becomes the maximum possible number of classes. - **T — convergence threshold.** The % of pixels whose class values must stay unchanged between iterations to declare convergence (e.g., 95%, 98%). - **M — max iterations.** Safety limit so the algorithm halts even if T is never reached. - Rule of thumb: if ISODATA returns far fewer clusters than N, your data doesn't support that many; if it maxes out N, bump the parameter up.

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