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Beyond ratios, two **linear transformations** to know: - **PCA (Principal Component Analysis)** — decorrelates bands into components ordered by variance. PC1 usually captures brightness; later PCs isolate features (e.g., vegetation). - **K-T (Kauth-Thomas) "Tasseled Cap"** — a fixed linear transform tuned for Landsat that produces interpretable axes: **Brightness**, **Greenness**, **Wetness** (and sometimes a 4th).

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