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**Thematic Mapper (TM) vs. MSS — major changes** (Landsat 4/5 onward): - **More spectral bands** (7 vs. 4). - **Better spatial & spectral resolution.** - **Lower orbit** — 919 km → **705 km** (improves ground resolution). - **Wider viewing angle** — 11.56° → 14.92°. - **Faster repeat** — **18 → 16 days**. - **16 detectors** per band for B1–B5, B7; **4 detectors** for the thermal (B6). | TM band | Name | Wavelength | Resolution | |---|---|---|---| | TM1 | Blue | 0.45 – 0.52 µm | 30 m | | TM2 | Green | 0.52 – 0.60 µm | 30 m | | TM3 | Red | 0.63 – 0.69 µm | 30 m | | TM4 | NIR | 0.76 – 0.90 µm | 30 m | | TM5 | SWIR-1 | 1.55 – 1.75 µm | 30 m | | TM7 | SWIR-2 | 2.08 – 2.35 µm | 30 m | | TM6 | Thermal | 10.4 – 12.5 µm | **120 m** |

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