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**Phenology** is the study of recurring biological events timed to the annual climate cycle (planting, germination, full canopy, senescence, harvest). It matters for remote sensing because the *date* you image a scene changes what the sensor sees — peak-biomass imagery maximizes vegetation/soil contrast, while off-season imagery helps separate crop types that overlap when green. - **Know:** why phenology drives acquisition timing; example cycle for a familiar crop.

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